益智活血汤联合拜阿司匹林治疗脑梗死恢复期患者的临床疗效及对神经功能的影响

目的:探讨益智活血汤联合拜阿司匹林治疗脑梗死恢复期的临床疗效及对患者神经功能的影响。方法:选取2017年10月至2019年1月在本院治疗的脑梗死恢复期患者84例,随机分为对照组和观察组各42例。对照组采用拜阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,每次0.2 g,日1次,口服。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上采用益智活血汤治疗,日1剂,早晚温服,两组均治疗8周。结果:对照组有效率为80.95%,观察组有效率为95.24%,两组有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后半身不遂评分、舌謇不语评分、口舌歪斜评分、肢体麻木评分、气短懒言评分均显著低于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后NIHSS评分、MRS评分均显著低于本组治疗前,BI评分显著高于本组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后全血高切黏度(high bloodshear viscosity,HWBV)、全血低切黏度(low bloodshear viscosity,LWBV)、血浆黏度(plasma viscosity,PV)、血小板聚集率(platelet agglutination test,PAG)水平均显著低于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)、前动脉(anterior artery,ACA)、后动脉(posterior communicating artery,PCA)血流速度均显著高于本组治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:益智活血汤联合拜阿司匹林治疗脑梗死恢复期患者,可明显改善其神经功能、血液循环及日常生活能力。     

Higher Risk Taking and Impaired Probability Judgment in Behavioral Addiction

BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that deficits in decision-making and judgment may be involved in several psychiatric disorders, including addiction. Behavioral addiction is a conceptually new psychiatric condition, raising a debate of what criteria define behavioral addiction, and several impulse control disorders are equivalently considered as types of behavioral addiction. In this preliminary study with a relatively small sample size, we investigated how decision-making and judgment were compromised in behavioral addiction to further characterize this psychiatric condition.MethodHealthy control subjects (n = 31) and patients with kleptomania and paraphilia as behavioral addictions (n = 16) were recruited. A battery of questionnaires for assessments of cognitive biases and economic decision-making were conducted, as was a psychological test for the assessment of the jumping-to-conclusions bias, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings of prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity.ResultsAlthough behavioral addicts exhibited stronger cognitive biases than controls in the questionnaire, the difference was primarily due to lower intelligence in the patients. Behavioral addicts also exhibited higher risk taking and worse performance in economic decision-making, indicating compromised probability judgment, along with diminished PFC activity in the right hemisphere.ConclusionOur study suggests that behavioral addiction may involve impairments of probability judgment associated with attenuated PFC activity, which consequently leads to higher risk taking in decision-making.     

Utilizing transcranial direct current stimulation to enhance laparoscopic technical skills training: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that delivers constant, low electrical current resulting in changes to cortical excitability. Prior work suggests it may enhance motor learning giving it the potential to augment surgical technical skill acquisition.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the efficacy of tDCS, coupled with motor skill training, to accelerate laparoscopic skill acquisition in a pre-registered (NCT03083483), double-blind and placebo-controlled study. We hypothesized that relative to sham tDCS, active tDCS would accelerate the development of laparoscopic technical skills, as measured by the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) Peg Transfer task quantitative metrics.MethodsIn this study, sixty subjects (mean age 22.7 years with 42 females) were randomized into sham or active tDCS in either bilateral primary motor cortex (bM1) or supplementary motor area (SMA) electrode configurations. All subjects practiced the FLS Peg Transfer Task during six 20-min training blocks, which were preceded and followed by a single trial pre-test and post-test. The primary outcome was changes in laparoscopic skill performance over time, quantified by group differences in completion time from pre-test to post-test and learning curves developed from a calculated score accounting for errors.ResultsLearning curves calculated over the six 20-min training blocks showed significantly greater improvement in performance for the bM1 group than the sham group (t = 2.07, p = 0.039), with the bM1 group achieving approximately the same amount of improvement in 4 blocks compared to the 6 blocks required of the sham group. The SMA group also showed greater mean improvement than sham, but exhibited more variable learning performance and differences relative to sham were not significant (t = 0.85, p = 0.400). A significant main effect was present for pre-test versus post-test times (F = 133.2, p < 0.001), with lower completion times at post-test, however these did not significantly differ for the training groups.ConclusionLaparoscopic skill training with active bilateral tDCS exhibited significantly greater learning relative to sham. The potential for tDCS to enhance the training of surgical skills, therefore, merits further investigation to determine if these preliminary results may be replicated and extended.     

脑白质疏松与卒中复发相关性的meta分析

目的系统评价脑白质疏松在卒中复发风险预测中的价值。方法计算机检索Pub Med、Web of science、Embase及维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网等数据库截止2019年3月15日收录的关于脑白质疏松及卒中复发关系的文献。提取资料进行质量评价并进行meta分析,利用Begg’s漏斗图和Egger’s检验评估发表偏倚。结果最终纳入33篇文献,共34444例。meta分析显示,当结局指标为任何类型复发性卒中时,中重度组与轻度或无组比较(RR=1. 71,95%CI:1. 44～2. 04),I~2=55. 69%;有脑白质疏松组与无脑白质疏松组比较(RR=1. 79,95%CI:1. 43～2. 25),I~2=56. 26%;连续性分析组(RR=1. 81,95%CI:1. 47～2. 23),I~2=34. 63%。当结局指标为缺血性卒中时,中重度组与轻度或无脑白质疏松组比较(RR=1. 82,95%CI:1. 36～2. 42),I~2=48. 43%;有脑白质疏松组与无脑白质疏松组比较(RR=2. 13,95%CI:1. 37～3. 32),I~2=70. 64%;连续性分析组(RR=2. 01,95%CI:1. 13～3. 58),I~2=69. 78%。亚组分析结果显示脑白质疏松对于远期复发性卒中的预测价值更高。通过Begg’s漏斗图和Egger’s检验,仅当结局指标为任何类型复发性卒中时,中重度组与轻度或无脑白质疏松组比较有显著性发表偏倚,经剪补法校正后仍提示相关性。结论脑白质疏松对于复发性卒中具有预测价值。     

进展型脑梗死患者miRNA的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨进展型脑梗死患者微小RNA(miRNA)的表达水平及临床意义。方法回顾性分析2016年7月至2018年7月期间我院收治的138例脑梗死患者病例资料。根据斯堪的那维亚卒中量表(SSS)将其分为对照组(稳定型脑梗死,82例)和观察组(进展型脑梗死,56例)。观察组患者按照高级中枢损伤严重程度评定标准(MESSS)评分为轻度进展(30例)、中度进展(17例)、重度进展(9例)三个亚组。对观察组出院两个月后进行预后随访,并将其分为预后不良组及预后良好组。分析进展型脑梗死患者miRNA的表达水平及临床意义。结果进展型脑梗死患者的miRNA-21、miRNA-223水平均显著高于稳定型脑梗死患者(P 0. 05); miRNA-21、miRNA-223的高表达均是进展型脑梗死的危险因素(P 0. 05),且进展型脑梗死的严重程度与血清miRNA-21、miRNA-223的表达水平均呈正相关(r=0. 834,P=0. 008;r=0. 896,P=0. 001)。预后不良组患者血清miRNA-21、miRNA-223表达水平显著高于预后良好组(P 0. 05);血清miRNA-21、miRNA-223表达水平预测进展型脑梗死预后的AUC面积分别为0. 805、0. 834,并分别得出截断值4. 45 (敏感度77. 14%,特异性82. 28%)、7. 06(敏感度82. 86%,特异性73. 42%)。结论进展型脑梗死患者miRNA-21、miRNA-223呈高表达,且其表达水平与脑梗死严重程度呈正相关,同时对预测进展型脑梗死预后均具有较高的敏感度和特异度,有可能成为一种早期诊断和预测进展型脑梗死生物标志物。     

银杏酮酯滴丸联合阿加曲班注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的研究银杏酮酯滴丸联合阿加曲班注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法选取2017年8月-2019年8月安阳市第六人民医院收治的106例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各53例。对照组患者静脉注射阿加曲班注射液,20 mg阿加曲班注射液溶于250 mL生理盐水中,1次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服银杏酮酯滴丸,8丸/次,3次/d。两组患者持续治疗14d。观察两组的临床疗效,NIHSS评分、BI指数评分和m RS评分及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血栓素A2(TXA2)、内皮素-1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为81.13%、96.23%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组NIHSS评分和m RS评分明显下降,BI指数评分明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组各评分改善较多(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.05);并且治疗组hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平降低较多(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清TXA2、ET-1水平均明显降低,NO水平明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组TXA2、ET-1、NO水平改善较多(P<0.05)。结论银杏酮酯滴丸联合阿加曲班注射液治疗急性脑梗死具有较好的治疗效果,改善神经功能和日常生活活动能力,调节血清因子水平,安全性较高,值得在临床上推广应用。     

The differential roles of contralesional frontoparietal areas in cortical reorganization after stroke

BackgroundStudies examining the contribution of contralesional brain regions to motor recovery after stroke have revealed conflicting results comprising both supporting and disturbing influences. Especially the relevance of contralesional brain regions beyond primary motor cortex (M1) has rarely been studied, particularly concerning the temporal dynamics post-stroke.MethodsWe, therefore, used online transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interference to longitudinally assess the role of contralesional (right) frontoparietal areas for recovery of hand motor function after left hemispheric stroke: contralesional M1, contralesional dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), and contralesional anterior intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Fourteen stroke patients and sixteen age-matched healthy subjects performed motor tasks of varying complexity with their (paretic) right hand. Motor performance was quantified using three-dimensional kinematic data. All patients were assessed twice, (i) in the first week, and (ii) after more than three months post-stroke.ResultsWhile we did not observe a significant effect of TMS interference on movement kinematics following the stimulation of contralesional M1 and dPMC in the first week post-stroke, we found improvements of motor performance upon interference with contralesional IPS across motor tasks early after stroke, an effect that persisted into the later phase. By contrast, for dPMC, TMS-induced deterioration of motor performance was only evident three months post-stroke, suggesting that a supportive role of contralesional premotor cortex might evolve with reorganization.ConclusionWe here highlight time-sensitive and region-specific effects of contralesional frontoparietal areas after left hemisphere stroke, which may influence on neuromodulation regimes aiming at supporting recovery of motor function post-stroke.     

Dysfunction of mouse cerebral arteries during early aging

Aging leads to a gradual decline in the fidelity of cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to neuronal activation, resulting in an increased risk for stroke and dementia. However, it is currently unknown when age-related cerebrovascular dysfunction starts or which vascular components and functions are first affected. The aim of this study was to examine the function of microcirculation throughout aging in mice. Microcirculation was challenged by inhalation of 5% and 10% CO₂ or by forepaw stimulation in 6-week, 8-month, and 12-month-old FVB/N mice. The resulting dilation of pial vessels and increase in CBF was measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy and laser Doppler fluxmetry, respectively. Neurovascular coupling and astrocytic endfoot Ca²⁺ were measured in acute brain slices from 18-month-old mice. We did not reveal any changes in CBF after CO₂ reactivity up to an age of 12 months. However, direct visualization of pial vessels by in vivo microscopy showed a significant, age-dependent loss of CO₂ reactivity starting at 8 months of age. At the same age neurovascular coupling was also significantly affected. These results suggest that aging does not affect cerebral vessel function simultaneously, but starts in pial microvessels months before global changes in CBF are detectable.